Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off

Drought-induced die-off alters canopy structure and understory microclimatic conditions, but its consequences for tree regeneration remain unclear. We assessed how canopy-driven microclimate filtering and climatic suitability influenced Pinus sylvestris regeneration across developmental stages (seed...

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Autores: Chowdhury, Faqrul Islam, Espelta, Josep Maria, Sánchez-Mejía, Teresa, Margalef-Marrase, Jordi, Jaime, Luciana, Lloret, Francisco
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2026
País:España
Recursos:Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
Repositório:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:.___________::c5895c515a9dd76277c4556f6c6662b1
Acesso em linha:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123438
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/470067
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Canopy buffering
Drought legacy
Species niche
Regeneration density
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spelling Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-offChowdhury, Faqrul IslamEspelta, Josep MariaSánchez-Mejía, TeresaMargalef-Marrase, JordiJaime, LucianaLloret, FranciscoCanopy bufferingDrought legacySpecies nicheRegeneration densityDrought-induced die-off alters canopy structure and understory microclimatic conditions, but its consequences for tree regeneration remain unclear. We assessed how canopy-driven microclimate filtering and climatic suitability influenced Pinus sylvestris regeneration across developmental stages (seedlings, young saplings, and old saplings) following drought-induced die-off in forests across Catalonia (NE Spain). We analysed recruit densities with linear mixed models incorporating forest condition (die-off vs. control), canopy type (closed, defoliated, and open gaps), survey year (2013, 2017, and 2022), and climatic-niche metrics as fixed effects, while site and plot were considered as random effects. In closed habitats, die-off lowered both young and old saplings relative to controls. Defoliated habitats consistently failed to support regeneration across all stages, even in climatically favourable sites, likely due to impaired propagule supply. Open habitat enhanced seedling and sapling densities in die-off plots. Regarding the position in the climatic niche, old saplings persisted in closed habitats at climatically marginal sites, likely benefiting from canopy-mediated microclimate control. Canopy buffering also protected young saplings in closed habitats during the periods with strong interannual climate fluctuations. In open habitats, young and old saplings were sensitive to climatic position in species’ niche, with their densities declining with increasing distance to the optimum, core niche. Overall, seedlings’ density was higher near the climatic optimum in die-off plots than in controls. Also, nearly a decade after the drought, only young sapling densities increased in die-off plots, likely reflecting disturbance legacies and favourable climatic fluctuations. Our results highlight the silvicultural value of maintaining a mosaic of canopy structures, retaining open habitats in climatically optimal sites to enhance seedling establishment and progression, while preserving closed canopy refugia in marginal climatic sites to buffer climate extremes, thus, favouring saplings survival against increasing drought stress.The work was supported by ”la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434, fellowship code: LCF/BQ/DI21/11860064), Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020–115264RB-I00), IMPROMED (PID2023–152644NB-I00, European Union RESONATE project (EH2020; GA: 101000574) and AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 00849 and SGR 00889). We thank Ella Jaegger, Miriam Selwyn, Raquel Díaz Borrego, Manto S. Kokolaki, Judit Caballé and Javier López for their assistance.Elsevier2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123438https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/470067reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Fundació Sant Joan de DéuInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-115264RB-I00Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123438Forest Ecology and Management,2026, vol. 603, núm. 123438, p. 1-11info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101000574cc-by (c) Chowdhury et al., 2026Attribution 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/oai:dnet:.___________::c5895c515a9dd76277c4556f6c6662b12026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
title Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
spellingShingle Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
Chowdhury, Faqrul Islam
Canopy buffering
Drought legacy
Species niche
Regeneration density
title_short Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
title_full Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
title_fullStr Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
title_full_unstemmed Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
title_sort Canopy cover and species’ climatic niche shape Pinus sylvestris regeneration after drought-induced die-off
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Chowdhury, Faqrul Islam
Espelta, Josep Maria
Sánchez-Mejía, Teresa
Margalef-Marrase, Jordi
Jaime, Luciana
Lloret, Francisco
author Chowdhury, Faqrul Islam
author_facet Chowdhury, Faqrul Islam
Espelta, Josep Maria
Sánchez-Mejía, Teresa
Margalef-Marrase, Jordi
Jaime, Luciana
Lloret, Francisco
author_role author
author2 Espelta, Josep Maria
Sánchez-Mejía, Teresa
Margalef-Marrase, Jordi
Jaime, Luciana
Lloret, Francisco
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Canopy buffering
Drought legacy
Species niche
Regeneration density
topic Canopy buffering
Drought legacy
Species niche
Regeneration density
description Drought-induced die-off alters canopy structure and understory microclimatic conditions, but its consequences for tree regeneration remain unclear. We assessed how canopy-driven microclimate filtering and climatic suitability influenced Pinus sylvestris regeneration across developmental stages (seedlings, young saplings, and old saplings) following drought-induced die-off in forests across Catalonia (NE Spain). We analysed recruit densities with linear mixed models incorporating forest condition (die-off vs. control), canopy type (closed, defoliated, and open gaps), survey year (2013, 2017, and 2022), and climatic-niche metrics as fixed effects, while site and plot were considered as random effects. In closed habitats, die-off lowered both young and old saplings relative to controls. Defoliated habitats consistently failed to support regeneration across all stages, even in climatically favourable sites, likely due to impaired propagule supply. Open habitat enhanced seedling and sapling densities in die-off plots. Regarding the position in the climatic niche, old saplings persisted in closed habitats at climatically marginal sites, likely benefiting from canopy-mediated microclimate control. Canopy buffering also protected young saplings in closed habitats during the periods with strong interannual climate fluctuations. In open habitats, young and old saplings were sensitive to climatic position in species’ niche, with their densities declining with increasing distance to the optimum, core niche. Overall, seedlings’ density was higher near the climatic optimum in die-off plots than in controls. Also, nearly a decade after the drought, only young sapling densities increased in die-off plots, likely reflecting disturbance legacies and favourable climatic fluctuations. Our results highlight the silvicultural value of maintaining a mosaic of canopy structures, retaining open habitats in climatically optimal sites to enhance seedling establishment and progression, while preserving closed canopy refugia in marginal climatic sites to buffer climate extremes, thus, favouring saplings survival against increasing drought stress.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123438
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/470067
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123438
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/470067
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-115264RB-I00
Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123438
Forest Ecology and Management,2026, vol. 603, núm. 123438, p. 1-11
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101000574
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by (c) Chowdhury et al., 2026
Attribution 4.0 International
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by (c) Chowdhury et al., 2026
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
instname_str Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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