Microbial Resistance to Antibiotics: A Growing Health Problem

Antimicrobial drug resistance today constitutes a challenge to be faced by health systems at the international level, because the use and abuse of antibiotics has generated various resistance mechanisms by pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of the present work was to carry o...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: López Gamboa, Yoel, Gamboa Pellicier, Yoeldis, Rodríguez Cantillo, Yanet, Artega Yanez, Yanetzi L
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:Ecuador
Institución:Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - Sede Esmeraldas
Repositorio:Revista Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - Sede Esmeraldas
Idioma:español
OAI Identifier:oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/562
Acceso en línea:https://revistas.pucese.edu.ec/hallazgos21/article/view/562
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:antibióticos
farmacorresistencia
resistencia microbiana
antibiotics
drug resistance
microbial resistance
Descripción
Sumario:Antimicrobial drug resistance today constitutes a challenge to be faced by health systems at the international level, because the use and abuse of antibiotics has generated various resistance mechanisms by pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of the present work was to carry out a review of the current state of the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antimicrobial therapy. A search of the existing literature was carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, Dialnet and Academic Google databases, with the search terms Pharmacoresistance, Antibiotics and Microbial Resistance. The review was carried out in the English and Spanish languages. 60 articles were found, of which 29 were taken into consideration to address the issue in question more comprehensively. Trends in research aimed at combating the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance are shown, among which the following stand out: development of antimicrobial peptides, use of nanoparticles, uses of bacteriophages, and development of probiotics. The main resistance mechanisms developed by microorganisms are also pointed out, highlighting hydrolysis, efflux, modification of receptors, phosphorylation, acetylation and nucleotidylation. Among the microorganisms that have developed drug resistance mechanisms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii stand out. It is concluded that drug resistance is not only a health problem, but a global phenomenon that must be addressed urgently by government officials, politicians, health personnel and ordinary citizens in general.