Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.

This essay attempts to analyse the political, economic, social and religious history of Iran in the 20th. Century. It begins with a critical study of the Pahlavi dynasty and continues with Iran’s Shi‘ite Islamic Revolution led by the Ayatullah Khumayni, enemy of the Shah and founder of the Islamic R...

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Autores: López Brenes, Manuel Enrique, Marín Guzmán, Roberto
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:Costa Rica
Recursos:Universidad de Costa Rica
Repositorio:Portal de Revistas UCR
Idioma:español
OAI Identifier:oai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article/46025
Acesso em linha:https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/estudios/article/view/46025
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Islamic Revolution; Ayatullah Khumayni; Foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Islamic Fundamentalism; secularism; Rafsanjani’s and Khatami’s governments
Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Revolución Islámica; Ayatullah Khumayni; Fundación de la República Islámica de Irán; Fundamentalismo Islámico; Gobiernos de Rafsanjani y Khatami.
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
El fundamentalismo islámico en el Medio Oriente contemporáneo como alternativa al secularismo. Análisis del caso de Irán hasta el gobierno de Muhammad Khatami. Una interpretación histórico social
title Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
spellingShingle Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
López Brenes, Manuel Enrique
Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Islamic Revolution; Ayatullah Khumayni; Foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Islamic Fundamentalism; secularism; Rafsanjani’s and Khatami’s governments
Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Revolución Islámica; Ayatullah Khumayni; Fundación de la República Islámica de Irán; Fundamentalismo Islámico; Gobiernos de Rafsanjani y Khatami.
title_short Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
title_full Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
title_fullStr Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
title_full_unstemmed Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
title_sort Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv López Brenes, Manuel Enrique
Marín Guzmán, Roberto
author López Brenes, Manuel Enrique
author_facet López Brenes, Manuel Enrique
Marín Guzmán, Roberto
author_role author
author2 Marín Guzmán, Roberto
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Islamic Revolution; Ayatullah Khumayni; Foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Islamic Fundamentalism; secularism; Rafsanjani’s and Khatami’s governments
Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Revolución Islámica; Ayatullah Khumayni; Fundación de la República Islámica de Irán; Fundamentalismo Islámico; Gobiernos de Rafsanjani y Khatami.
topic Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Islamic Revolution; Ayatullah Khumayni; Foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Islamic Fundamentalism; secularism; Rafsanjani’s and Khatami’s governments
Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Revolución Islámica; Ayatullah Khumayni; Fundación de la República Islámica de Irán; Fundamentalismo Islámico; Gobiernos de Rafsanjani y Khatami.
description This essay attempts to analyse the political, economic, social and religious history of Iran in the 20th. Century. It begins with a critical study of the Pahlavi dynasty and continues with Iran’s Shi‘ite Islamic Revolution led by the Ayatullah Khumayni, enemy of the Shah and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran in February 1979. Khumayni proposed the political, economic and social possibility that religion would be an alternative to capitalism, to the dynasty in power, to secularism and to the Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. Khumayni`s regime was also abusive, and came to be as repressive as the Shah’s. Iran’s extreme nationalization plans under Khumayni’s goverment experienced a systematic process of revisions, obviously after Khumayni’s death in 1989. These revisions and changes in the politics, and the economy of the country led to an increasing opening to privatization, capitalism and globalization due to the more moderate governments that followed after Khumayni’s death, mainly those of Rafsanjani and Khatami. The contrast between the two periods of the Islamic Republic is so evident that a Second Republic of Iran was founded and developed. This essay analyses these issues up to Khatami’s government and it has a historical, social, economic and their political interpretation.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-02-27
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Article
artículo original
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/estudios/article/view/46025
10.15517/re.v0i0.46025
url https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/estudios/article/view/46025
identifier_str_mv 10.15517/re.v0i0.46025
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/estudios/article/view/46025/45909
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv acceso abierto
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv acceso abierto
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Estudios Generales
publisher.none.fl_str_mv San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Estudios Generales
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Revista Estudios; 2021: Especial: Perspectivas del Humanismo
Revista Estudios; 2021: Especial: Perspectivas del Humanismo
Estudios; 2021: Especial: Perspectivas del Humanismo
1659-3316
1659-1925
10.15517/re.v0i0
reponame:Portal de Revistas UCR
instname:Universidad de Costa Rica
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instname_str Universidad de Costa Rica
instacron_str UCR
institution UCR
reponame_str Portal de Revistas UCR
collection Portal de Revistas UCR
repository.name.fl_str_mv Portal de Revistas UCR - Universidad de Costa Rica
repository.mail.fl_str_mv jorge.polanco@ucr.ac.cr
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spelling Islamic Fundamentalism in the Contemporary Middle East as an alternative to secularism. Analisys of the Case of Iran ap to Muhammad Khatami's goverment. Part I.El fundamentalismo islámico en el Medio Oriente contemporáneo como alternativa al secularismo. Análisis del caso de Irán hasta el gobierno de Muhammad Khatami. Una interpretación histórico socialLópez Brenes, Manuel EnriqueMarín Guzmán, RobertoShah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Islamic Revolution; Ayatullah Khumayni; Foundation of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Islamic Fundamentalism; secularism; Rafsanjani’s and Khatami’s governmentsShah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi; Revolución Islámica; Ayatullah Khumayni; Fundación de la República Islámica de Irán; Fundamentalismo Islámico; Gobiernos de Rafsanjani y Khatami.This essay attempts to analyse the political, economic, social and religious history of Iran in the 20th. Century. It begins with a critical study of the Pahlavi dynasty and continues with Iran’s Shi‘ite Islamic Revolution led by the Ayatullah Khumayni, enemy of the Shah and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran in February 1979. Khumayni proposed the political, economic and social possibility that religion would be an alternative to capitalism, to the dynasty in power, to secularism and to the Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. Khumayni`s regime was also abusive, and came to be as repressive as the Shah’s. Iran’s extreme nationalization plans under Khumayni’s goverment experienced a systematic process of revisions, obviously after Khumayni’s death in 1989. These revisions and changes in the politics, and the economy of the country led to an increasing opening to privatization, capitalism and globalization due to the more moderate governments that followed after Khumayni’s death, mainly those of Rafsanjani and Khatami. The contrast between the two periods of the Islamic Republic is so evident that a Second Republic of Iran was founded and developed. This essay analyses these issues up to Khatami’s government and it has a historical, social, economic and their political interpretation.: Este ensayo analiza la historia política, económica, social y religiosa de Irán en el siglo XX. Inicia con la dinastía Pahlavi y continúa con la Revolución Islámica Shi‘ita de Irán dirigida por el Ayatullah Khumayni, opositor del Shah y fundador de la República Islámica de Irán en febrero de 1979. Con Khumayni se planteó la posibilidad política, económica y social de la religión como alternativa al capitalismo, al secularismo, a la dinastía y a la dictadura del Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. También durante el gobierno de Khumayni se llegaron a cometer muchos y grandes abusos y el sistema resultó tan represivo como al que derrocó. Los planes de nacionalización extremos de Irán durante el gobierno de Khumayni tuvieron una revisión sistemática y una apertura constante hacia la privatización, hacia el capitalismo y la globalización con los gobiernos más moderados de Rafsanjani, como se estudia en este ensayo. El contraste entre ambos períodos de la República Islámica de Irán es evidente, al punto que se dio lugar a la fundación de la Segunda República de Irán. Este trabajo estudia esos períodos hasta llegar al gobierno de Muhammad Khatami, todo explicado desde una perspectiva histórica, social, económica y política.San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Estudios Generales2021-02-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticleartículo originalhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/estudios/article/view/4602510.15517/re.v0i0.46025Revista Estudios; 2021: Especial: Perspectivas del HumanismoRevista Estudios; 2021: Especial: Perspectivas del HumanismoEstudios; 2021: Especial: Perspectivas del Humanismo1659-33161659-192510.15517/re.v0i0reponame:Portal de Revistas UCRinstname:Universidad de Costa Ricainstacron:UCRspahttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/estudios/article/view/46025/45909acceso abiertohttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-03-14T23:38:38Zoai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article/46025Portal de revistashttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/Universidadhttp://www.ucr.ac.crhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/index/oaijorge.polanco@ucr.ac.crCosta RicaNo aplicaNo aplicaNo aplicaopendoar:2025-08-13T10:28:03.215Portal de Revistas UCR - Universidad de Costa Ricafalse
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