Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador

Introduction: Black coral studies in Central America are scarce. Even though Antipathes has been reported as one of the coral genera that has succumbed to anthropic pressure, publications haven’t been made on El Salvador black coral species, habitats, distribution, and importance. Objective: To iden...

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Autor: Segovia, Johanna
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:Costa Rica
Institución:Universidad de Costa Rica
Repositorio:Portal de Revistas UCR
Idioma:español
OAI Identifier:oai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article/52345
Acceso en línea:https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Antipatharia;
mesophotic reefs;
Eastern Tropical Pacific;
Central America Pacific.
arrecifes mesofóticos;
Pacífico Tropical Oriental;
Centroamérica Pacífico
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network_name_str Costa Rica
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
Bosques de coral negro y organismos asociados en la zona mesofótica de Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
title Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
spellingShingle Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
Segovia, Johanna
Antipatharia;
mesophotic reefs;
Eastern Tropical Pacific;
Central America Pacific.
Antipatharia;
arrecifes mesofóticos;
Pacífico Tropical Oriental;
Centroamérica Pacífico
title_short Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
title_full Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
title_fullStr Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
title_full_unstemmed Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
title_sort Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Segovia, Johanna
author Segovia, Johanna
author_facet Segovia, Johanna
author_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Antipatharia;
mesophotic reefs;
Eastern Tropical Pacific;
Central America Pacific.
Antipatharia;
arrecifes mesofóticos;
Pacífico Tropical Oriental;
Centroamérica Pacífico
topic Antipatharia;
mesophotic reefs;
Eastern Tropical Pacific;
Central America Pacific.
Antipatharia;
arrecifes mesofóticos;
Pacífico Tropical Oriental;
Centroamérica Pacífico
description Introduction: Black coral studies in Central America are scarce. Even though Antipathes has been reported as one of the coral genera that has succumbed to anthropic pressure, publications haven’t been made on El Salvador black coral species, habitats, distribution, and importance. Objective: To identify the species of black corals in Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, and qualitatively characterize the abundance and size of the colonies; and to identify the most conspicuous epibiont species in the colonies. Methods: Visual census with SCUBA diving for qualitative characterization and underwater photographs were taken for the registration of epibiont species in six points of Los Cóbanos, between December 2021 to February 2022 and six to characterize size of the colonies and abundance. Results: The first report of black coral forests in El Salvador was made, constructed by two species: Myriopathes panamensis and Antipathes galapagensis. We also reported, for first time, the occurrence of M. panamensis, Pacifigorgia senta, Heterogorgia verrucosa, Eugorgia mutabilis, Nemathus californicus and Amphiodia sp. We found disturbances of anthropic origin, such as marine debris and damage to the colonies by anchors. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish efforts towards the knowledge of the fauna of mesophotic zones, mainly in vulnerable marine ecosystems of black coral forests and gorgonian gardens. There is an important potential, and data will help overcome information gaps in the region, allowing for better conservation measures. Objectives: Report the species of black corals that are recorded in Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, and to qualitatively characterize the abundance and size of the colonies; also, to identify the most conspicuous epibiont species of the colonies. Methods: Visual census with SCUBA diving for qualitative characterization and underwater photographs were taken for the registration of epibiont species in six points of Los Cóbanos, between December 2021 to February 2022. Results: Is the first report of black coral forests in El Salvador, this is structured by two species. Additionally, the new species records for the country are: Myriopathes panamensis, Heterogorgia verrucosa, Eugorgia sp., Nemathus californicus, y Amphiodia sp. Affectations of anthropic origin were observed, such as marine debris and damage to the colonies by anchors. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish efforts to know the fauna of mesophotic zone, mainly in vulnerable marine ecosystems of black coral forests and gorgonian gardens. There is important potential, and the data will help overcome information gaps in the region and allowing for better conservation measures.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-29
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
artículo original
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345
10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52345
url https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345
identifier_str_mv 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52345
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345/56329
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345/56330
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345/56331
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Biología Tropical
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
acceso abierto
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Biología Tropical
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
acceso abierto
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Costa Rica
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Costa Rica
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 No. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e52345
Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 Núm. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e52345
Revista Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 N.º 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e52345
2215-2075
0034-7744
10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.2023
reponame:Portal de Revistas UCR
instname:Universidad de Costa Rica
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instname_str Universidad de Costa Rica
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institution UCR
reponame_str Portal de Revistas UCR
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Portal de Revistas UCR - Universidad de Costa Rica
repository.mail.fl_str_mv jorge.polanco@ucr.ac.cr
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spelling Black coral forests and associated fauna in the mesophotic zone of Los Cóbanos, El SalvadorBosques de coral negro y organismos asociados en la zona mesofótica de Los Cóbanos, El SalvadorSegovia, Johanna Antipatharia; mesophotic reefs; Eastern Tropical Pacific; Central America Pacific.Antipatharia; arrecifes mesofóticos; Pacífico Tropical Oriental; Centroamérica PacíficoIntroduction: Black coral studies in Central America are scarce. Even though Antipathes has been reported as one of the coral genera that has succumbed to anthropic pressure, publications haven’t been made on El Salvador black coral species, habitats, distribution, and importance. Objective: To identify the species of black corals in Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, and qualitatively characterize the abundance and size of the colonies; and to identify the most conspicuous epibiont species in the colonies. Methods: Visual census with SCUBA diving for qualitative characterization and underwater photographs were taken for the registration of epibiont species in six points of Los Cóbanos, between December 2021 to February 2022 and six to characterize size of the colonies and abundance. Results: The first report of black coral forests in El Salvador was made, constructed by two species: Myriopathes panamensis and Antipathes galapagensis. We also reported, for first time, the occurrence of M. panamensis, Pacifigorgia senta, Heterogorgia verrucosa, Eugorgia mutabilis, Nemathus californicus and Amphiodia sp. We found disturbances of anthropic origin, such as marine debris and damage to the colonies by anchors. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish efforts towards the knowledge of the fauna of mesophotic zones, mainly in vulnerable marine ecosystems of black coral forests and gorgonian gardens. There is an important potential, and data will help overcome information gaps in the region, allowing for better conservation measures. Objectives: Report the species of black corals that are recorded in Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, and to qualitatively characterize the abundance and size of the colonies; also, to identify the most conspicuous epibiont species of the colonies. Methods: Visual census with SCUBA diving for qualitative characterization and underwater photographs were taken for the registration of epibiont species in six points of Los Cóbanos, between December 2021 to February 2022. Results: Is the first report of black coral forests in El Salvador, this is structured by two species. Additionally, the new species records for the country are: Myriopathes panamensis, Heterogorgia verrucosa, Eugorgia sp., Nemathus californicus, y Amphiodia sp. Affectations of anthropic origin were observed, such as marine debris and damage to the colonies by anchors. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish efforts to know the fauna of mesophotic zone, mainly in vulnerable marine ecosystems of black coral forests and gorgonian gardens. There is important potential, and the data will help overcome information gaps in the region and allowing for better conservation measures.Introducción: Los estudios de coral negro en Centroamérica son escasos. No se ha publicado nada sobre las especies, hábitats, distribución e importancia del coral negro de El Salvador. A pesar de que Antipathes ha sido reportado como uno de los géneros de coral que ha sucumbido a la presión antrópica. Objetivos: Identificar las especies de corales negros en Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, y caracterizar cualitativamente la abundancia y el tamaño de las colonias; e identificar las especies epibiontes más conspicuas en las colonias. Métodos: Se realizó censo visual con buceo para la caracterización cualitativa y fotografías submarinas para el registro de especies epibiontes en seis puntos de Los Cóbanos, entre diciembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022, asimismo para caracterizar tamaño de las colonias y abundancia. Resultados: Se realizo el primer informe de bosques de coral negro en El Salvador, construidos por dos especies: Myriopathes panamensis y Antipathes galapagensis. También, reportamos por primera vez la presencia de M. panamensis, Pacifigorgia senta, Heterogorgia verrucosa, Eugorgia mutabilis, Nemathus californicus y Amphiodia sp. Encontramos afectaciones de origen antrópico, como desechos marinos y daños a las colonias por anclas. Conclusiones: Es necesario establecer esfuerzos para conocer la fauna de la zona mesofótica, principalmente en ecosistemas marinos vulnerables de bosques de coral negro y jardines de gorgonias. Existe un potencial importante, y los datos ayudarán a superar las brechas de información en la región, permitiendo mejores medidas de conservación. Objectives: Report the species of black corals that are recorded in Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, and to qualitatively characterize the abundance and size of the colonies; also, to identify the most conspicuous epibiont species of the colonies. Methods: Visual census with SCUBA diving for qualitative characterization and underwater photographs were taken for the registration of epibiont species in six points of Los Cóbanos, between December 2021 to February 2022. Results: Is the first report of black coral forests in El Salvador, this is structured by two species. Additionally, the new species records for the country are: Myriopathes panamensis, Heterogorgia verrucosa, Eugorgia sp., Nemathus californicus, y Amphiodia sp. Affectations of anthropic origin were observed, such as marine debris and damage to the colonies by anchors. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish efforts to know the fauna of mesophotic zone, mainly in vulnerable marine ecosystems of black coral forests and gorgonian gardens. There is important potential, and the data will help overcome information gaps in the region and allowing for better conservation measures.Universidad de Costa Rica2023-06-29info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionartículo originalhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdftext/htmlapplication/epub+ziphttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/5234510.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.52345Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 No. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e52345Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 Núm. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e52345Revista Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 N.º 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e523452215-20750034-774410.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.2023reponame:Portal de Revistas UCRinstname:Universidad de Costa Ricainstacron:UCRspahttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345/56329https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345/56330https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/52345/56331Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Biología Tropicalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0acceso abiertohttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-10-29T21:43:35Zoai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article/52345Portal de revistashttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/Universidadhttp://www.ucr.ac.crhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/index/oaijorge.polanco@ucr.ac.crCosta RicaNo aplicaNo aplicaNo aplicaopendoar:2025-08-13T10:26:03.529Portal de Revistas UCR - Universidad de Costa Ricafalse
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