The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile

This research analyses policy responses to disasters in Chile. The main objective is to explore linkages between temporally and spatially distant processes of policy, governance and decision-making, and the materialisation of disaster vulnerability in the form of ‘unsafe conditions’. The study focus...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Sandoval, Vicente
Tipo de recurso: tesis doctoral
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2017
País:Chile
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.anid.cl:10533/241478
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10533/241478
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ciencias Sociales
Otras Ciencias Sociales
Ciencias Sociales, interdisciplinaria
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dc.title.es_CL.fl_str_mv The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
title The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
spellingShingle The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
Sandoval, Vicente
Ciencias Sociales
Otras Ciencias Sociales
Ciencias Sociales, interdisciplinaria
title_short The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
title_full The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
title_fullStr The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
title_full_unstemmed The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
title_sort The progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, Chile
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sandoval, Vicente
author Sandoval, Vicente
author_facet Sandoval, Vicente
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Boano, Camillo
dc.contributor.institution.es_CL.fl_str_mv UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
dc.subject.oecd1n.es_CL.fl_str_mv Ciencias Sociales
topic Ciencias Sociales
Otras Ciencias Sociales
Ciencias Sociales, interdisciplinaria
dc.subject.oecd2n.es_CL.fl_str_mv Otras Ciencias Sociales
dc.subject.oecd3n.es_CL.fl_str_mv Ciencias Sociales, interdisciplinaria
description This research analyses policy responses to disasters in Chile. The main objective is to explore linkages between temporally and spatially distant processes of policy, governance and decision-making, and the materialisation of disaster vulnerability in the form of ‘unsafe conditions’. The study focuses on the progression of vulnerability in a post-disaster context, critically reflecting on the multiplicity of agencies and pressures in creating and increasing vulnerability of a specific territory at local scale. The central argument is that the Chilean model of disaster risk management and reduction is dominated by top-down and reactive approaches that tend to diminish the potentials of policy responses to disasters and ultimately became sources of vulnerability and risk. The research’s analytical framework is grounded in disaster studies and specifically it adopts a social constructionist approach to disaster, vulnerability and geographical scale focused on the Pressure and Release model. The latter allows one to look at the state territorial organisation of Chile as a structural factor in the national model of disaster management, and to place root causes and dynamic pressures of disaster vulnerability within the multi-scalar configuration of the country. The thesis chooses the Chaitén volcanic eruption that occurred in May 2008 in Los Lagos Region of Chile, and the disaster policy context in the country as the empirical base on which the argument is put forward. Several policy responses are examined using qualitative methods at national, regional and local scales, revealing the centralisation of disaster governance in Chile as a key factor in producing inadequate responses to the disaster that failed to utilise people’s knowledge and local organisational capacities. This disaster policy context mediated the materialisation of four unsafe conditions in Chaitén: the uneven distribution of risks; the limited access to services; the erosion of trust in public authorities; and the weaknesses of emergency planning. The research re-problematises and suggests new ways of ‘thinking vulnerability’ and disaster governance from a wider multi-scalar perspective. It explains that when policy responses to disasters do not consider local capacities and realities, these can facilitate the (re)production of unsafe conditions, and contribute to and perpetuate the generation of risks over time. This could help to challenge some still dominant views found in Chile and in many other national governments that dissimulate the causality of disaster generation and risk accumulation.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.issued.es_CL.fl_str_mv 2017
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-03-30T12:51:55Z
2022-08-23T12:23:30Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-03-30T12:51:55Z
2022-08-23T12:23:30Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Tesis Doctorado
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spelling UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDONSandoval, Vicente2017https://hdl.handle.net/10533/241478http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Ciencias Sociales, interdisciplinariaOtras Ciencias SocialesCiencias SocialesThe progression of vulnerability: a multi-scalar perspective on disasters, the case of Chaitén, ChileBoano, CamilloUNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDONReino UnidoSandoval, Vicente2020-03-30T12:51:55Z2022-08-23T12:23:30Z2020-03-30T12:51:55Z2022-08-23T12:23:30Z2017This research analyses policy responses to disasters in Chile. The main objective is to explore linkages between temporally and spatially distant processes of policy, governance and decision-making, and the materialisation of disaster vulnerability in the form of ‘unsafe conditions’. The study focuses on the progression of vulnerability in a post-disaster context, critically reflecting on the multiplicity of agencies and pressures in creating and increasing vulnerability of a specific territory at local scale. The central argument is that the Chilean model of disaster risk management and reduction is dominated by top-down and reactive approaches that tend to diminish the potentials of policy responses to disasters and ultimately became sources of vulnerability and risk. The research’s analytical framework is grounded in disaster studies and specifically it adopts a social constructionist approach to disaster, vulnerability and geographical scale focused on the Pressure and Release model. The latter allows one to look at the state territorial organisation of Chile as a structural factor in the national model of disaster management, and to place root causes and dynamic pressures of disaster vulnerability within the multi-scalar configuration of the country. The thesis chooses the Chaitén volcanic eruption that occurred in May 2008 in Los Lagos Region of Chile, and the disaster policy context in the country as the empirical base on which the argument is put forward. Several policy responses are examined using qualitative methods at national, regional and local scales, revealing the centralisation of disaster governance in Chile as a key factor in producing inadequate responses to the disaster that failed to utilise people’s knowledge and local organisational capacities. This disaster policy context mediated the materialisation of four unsafe conditions in Chaitén: the uneven distribution of risks; the limited access to services; the erosion of trust in public authorities; and the weaknesses of emergency planning. The research re-problematises and suggests new ways of ‘thinking vulnerability’ and disaster governance from a wider multi-scalar perspective. It explains that when policy responses to disasters do not consider local capacities and realities, these can facilitate the (re)production of unsafe conditions, and contribute to and perpetuate the generation of risks over time. 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