The Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Water Bodies in Sneek
In this work, the research question was: is bacterial antibiotic resistance (AR) found in water bodies connected with resistance found in clinical environment? The prevalence of E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and Aeromonas spp. and their AR were studied in (waste) water samples derived from eight locatio...
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| Formato: | tesis de maestría |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2017 |
| País: | Chile |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.anid.cl:10533/219085 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/10533/219085 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Ciencias Naturales Otras Ingenierías y Tecnologías |
| Resumo: | In this work, the research question was: is bacterial antibiotic resistance (AR) found in water bodies connected with resistance found in clinical environment? The prevalence of E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and Aeromonas spp. and their AR were studied in (waste) water samples derived from eight locations: hospital, nursing home, community, influent and effluent of the WWTP, and three environmental samples. The sampling campaign was performed 6 times for 6 weeks. Bacterial species were quantified and 5 isolates of each were tested against 6-12 antibiotics, which have been identified as the most consumed in the last 5 years in the province of Friesland. Moreover, 8 micro-pollutants (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, triclosan, clorhexidine, cadmium, copper, and zinc) were studied in water samples to correlate their effect on the resistance. The concentration of E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and Aeromonas spp. were the highest in wastewater samples from hospital, nursing home and community, which value ranged 9.6×10^3 and 4.0×10^5 CFU/mL. Lower concentrations between 3.1×10^2 and 12.2×10^3 CFU/mL was found in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)-waters while values up 3.4× 10^1 CFU/mL were estimated in surface waters. Clinical environments can be reservoirs for the antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). AR against at least one antibiotic was identified high in clinical settings. In hospital and nursing home, the AR was 64% and 32% in E. coli isolates, 94% and 95% in Klebsiella spp. isolates, 46% and 26% in and Aeromonas spp. isolates, respectively. In community, E. coli isolates presented 13% of AR against at least one antibiotic while Klebsiella spp. and Aeromonas spp. presented almost no AR. In the influent and the effluent of the WWTP, E. coli isolates presented 20% and 28% of AR against at least 1 antibiotic, Klebsiella spp. isolates exhibited almost no AR and 55% of AR, and Aeromonas spp. presented almost no AR and 15% of AR respectively. In surface water 1 and surface water 2, E. coli isolates presented 24% and 38% of AR against at least 1 antibiotic, Klebsiella spp. isolates showed 40% and 45% of AR against at least 1 antibiotic, and Aeromonas spp. represented 26% and almost no AR respectively. In surface water 3, isolates of E. coli and Aeromonas spp. exhibited almost no AR. No isolates of Klebsiella spp. were obtained in surface water 3. Resistant isolates from water samples among clinical environments, WWTP-waters, and surface waters were resistant against ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, co-trimoxazole, and trimethoprim in E. coli, resistant against fosfomycine in Klebsiella spp., and resistant against to piperacillin and co-trimoxazole in Aeromonas spp. respectively. The major part of the antibiotic measured corresponded to wastewater of clinical settings and WWTP-waters. WWTPs can be hotspots for the ARB. The resistance against a specific antibiotic in bacteria was not always related to its high concentration in the wastewater. Further studies as quantitative PCR (qPCR) or DNA sequencing are necessary to establish a connection between the resistant isolates and their environments by analysing the resistance genes. |
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