Patrones macro y microevolutivos en el complejo Ectinogonia (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) del desierto costero de Chile
The desert and semi-desert environments, in addition to the Pleistocene Climatic Oscillations (PCO), are factors that favor the divergences in the biota of these territories. In the Atacama coastal desert, it is proposed that during the Pleistocene the semi-arid environment contracted during the dry...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis de maestría |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2020 |
| País: | Chile |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.anid.cl:10533/246342 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10533/246342 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Ciencias Naturales Otras Ciencias Naturales |
| Sumario: | The desert and semi-desert environments, in addition to the Pleistocene Climatic Oscillations (PCO), are factors that favor the divergences in the biota of these territories. In the Atacama coastal desert, it is proposed that during the Pleistocene the semi-arid environment contracted during the dry and warm interglacial weather phases, while during the cold and wet weather glacial phases the semi-arid environment expanded to the north being displaced to the south by hygrophilic vegetation, in addition to creating barriers to desert biota due to the presence of paleorivers. The genus Ectinogonia has a high species richness and a high morphological diversity coexisting sympatrically in the Atacama coastal desert, suggesting the presence of a species complex. It is proposed that the genetic and morphological diversity of Ectinogonia is the result of successive changes in the semi-desert environments during the Pleistocene. To evaluate this scenario, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus were reconstructed with the mitochondrial markers Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1 (COI), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) and the nuclear markers Wingless (Wg) and Carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CAD), in addition, with the marker Mitochondrial COI, the most variable in the data matrix, reconstructed phylogenetic relationships between coastal species of the genus, estimated divergence times and constructed haplotype networks. The Ectinogonia of northern Chile form a clade that contains the coastal species of the genus, which are a polyphyletic group. Within the coastal Ectinogonia, 7 evolutionary units are identified, 4 of them are monotypic and the remaining 3 are polymorphic, in addition to recovering several cases of convergence between them. In addition, the coastal Ectinogonia diversified during the middle Pleistocene, when the duration of the PCOs increased. According to the results, the macroevolutively coastal Ectinogonia diverged due to the allopatric effect of paleorivers during the humid phases of the PCO, while microevolutively diversification shows signs of an evolutionary radiation in which different morphologies associated with plants and landscapes are possibly developing, being currently in incipient processes of speciation of ecological type. |
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