Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).

Population connectivity has a fundamental role in metapopulation dynamics and population resilience after disturbances, due to that, it has important implications for the population persistence in space and time. In this regard, island systems as Easter Island (IP) and the island Salas y Gómez (SG),...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Valencia-Pacheco, Evelyn Maryorie
Tipo de recurso: tesis de maestría
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:Chile
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.anid.cl:10533/232864
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10533/232864
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ciencias Naturales
Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente
Ecología
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dc.title.es_CL.fl_str_mv Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
Conectividad entre las Isla de Pascua y la Isla Salas y Gómez: diferenciación genético poblacional del pez de importancia cultural Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Connectivity between easter island and salas y gómez island: populatión genetic differentiatión of culturally important fish kyphosus sandwicensis (sauvage, 1880).
Conectividad entre las isla de pascua y la isla salas y gómez: diferenciación genético poblaciónal del pez de importancia cultural kyphosus sandwicensis (sauvage, 1880).
title Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
spellingShingle Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
Valencia-Pacheco, Evelyn Maryorie
Ciencias Naturales
Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente
Ecología
title_short Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
title_full Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
title_fullStr Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
title_full_unstemmed Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
title_sort Connectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Valencia-Pacheco, Evelyn Maryorie
author Valencia-Pacheco, Evelyn Maryorie
author_facet Valencia-Pacheco, Evelyn Maryorie
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Veliz-Baeza, David
dc.contributor.institution.es_CL.fl_str_mv UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE
dc.subject.oecd1n.es_CL.fl_str_mv Ciencias Naturales
topic Ciencias Naturales
Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente
Ecología
dc.subject.oecd2n.es_CL.fl_str_mv Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente
dc.subject.oecd3n.es_CL.fl_str_mv Ecología
description Population connectivity has a fundamental role in metapopulation dynamics and population resilience after disturbances, due to that, it has important implications for the population persistence in space and time. In this regard, island systems as Easter Island (IP) and the island Salas y Gómez (SG), are ideal places for studying connectivity model, because they are two isolated systems in the Pacific Ocean, where the migration process would playing a critical role to the persistence of their populations. The aim of this thesis was to determine the genetic population structure and historical migration patterns of Kyphosus sandwicensis between IP and SG. Through the use of mitochondrial markers (COI and Region Control) it was attempted a molecular identification of the species and assess the existence of phylogeographic structure. Finally, using 16 microsatellite described for the species, it was estimated the degree of genetic differentiation between the geographic populations and the reciprocal migration pattern. The COI gene showed high similarity with the species K. sectatrix and K. bigibbus, indicating that our individuals could correspond to one of these species. The Control Region did not detect a Phylogeographical pattern, pointed out that populations of IP and SG have not been separated in the time. Moreover, the genetic variability of the microsatellites analyzed did not show differences between the allelic frequency of the individuals from IP and SG so they would be part of the same population. The two islands showed high and similar rates of genetic diversity and allelic richness nucleotide, coinciding with the absence of recent bottleneck. Historical migration analyzes suggest migration in both directions, being higher from SG to IP. Our results of connectivity between IP and SG are the first evidence of a genetic connectivity between these two oceanic islands. These migrations would be potentially determined by the oceanographic conditions predominant in the area, which includes: oceanographic discontinuities, ocean currents fluctuations, mesoscale eddies, and by the probable dispersal mechanism of k. sandwicensis by rafting in Sargassum algae which could provide the opportunity to disperse large distances and allows us to understand how a population composed of individuals separated by 415km, can maintain genetic connectivity.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.issued.es_CL.fl_str_mv 2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-01-04T11:53:28Z
2022-08-23T12:51:23Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-01-04T11:53:28Z
2022-08-23T12:51:23Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Tesis Magíster
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dc.type.openaire.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.tesis.none.fl_str_mv Tesis
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dc.identifier.folio.es_CL.fl_str_mv 22130654
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10533/232864
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spelling UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILEValencia-Pacheco, Evelyn Maryorie2018https://hdl.handle.net/10533/232864http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2EcologíaCiencias de la Tierra y del Medio AmbienteCiencias NaturalesConnectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).Veliz-Baeza, DavidUNIVERSIDAD DE CHILEChileValencia-Pacheco, Evelyn Maryorie2019-01-04T11:53:28Z2022-08-23T12:51:23Z2019-01-04T11:53:28Z2022-08-23T12:51:23Z2018Population connectivity has a fundamental role in metapopulation dynamics and population resilience after disturbances, due to that, it has important implications for the population persistence in space and time. In this regard, island systems as Easter Island (IP) and the island Salas y Gómez (SG), are ideal places for studying connectivity model, because they are two isolated systems in the Pacific Ocean, where the migration process would playing a critical role to the persistence of their populations. The aim of this thesis was to determine the genetic population structure and historical migration patterns of Kyphosus sandwicensis between IP and SG. Through the use of mitochondrial markers (COI and Region Control) it was attempted a molecular identification of the species and assess the existence of phylogeographic structure. Finally, using 16 microsatellite described for the species, it was estimated the degree of genetic differentiation between the geographic populations and the reciprocal migration pattern. The COI gene showed high similarity with the species K. sectatrix and K. bigibbus, indicating that our individuals could correspond to one of these species. The Control Region did not detect a Phylogeographical pattern, pointed out that populations of IP and SG have not been separated in the time. Moreover, the genetic variability of the microsatellites analyzed did not show differences between the allelic frequency of the individuals from IP and SG so they would be part of the same population. The two islands showed high and similar rates of genetic diversity and allelic richness nucleotide, coinciding with the absence of recent bottleneck. Historical migration analyzes suggest migration in both directions, being higher from SG to IP. Our results of connectivity between IP and SG are the first evidence of a genetic connectivity between these two oceanic islands. These migrations would be potentially determined by the oceanographic conditions predominant in the area, which includes: oceanographic discontinuities, ocean currents fluctuations, mesoscale eddies, and by the probable dispersal mechanism of k. sandwicensis by rafting in Sargassum algae which could provide the opportunity to disperse large distances and allows us to understand how a population composed of individuals separated by 415km, can maintain genetic connectivity.La conectividad poblacional tiene importantes implicancias en la persistencia de las poblaciones en espacio y tiempo debido a su rol fundamental en la dinámica metapoblacional y en la resiliencia poblacional después de perturbaciones. Al respecto, sistemas insulares como la isla de Pascua (IP) y la isla Salas y Gómez (SG), constituyen un modelo ideal para estudiar la conectividad, porque son dos sistemas aislados en el Océano Pacífico, donde el proceso de migración estaría jugando un rol fundamental para la persistencia de sus poblaciones. El objetivo de esta tesis fue determinar la estructuración genético poblacional y los patrones de migración históricos de Kyphosus sandwicensis entre la IP y SG. Además, mediante el uso de marcadores mitocondriales (COI y Región Control) se intentó realizar una identificación molecular de la especie y se evaluó la existencia de estructura filogeográfica. Finalmente, usando 16 microsatélites descritos para la especie se estimó el grado de diferenciación genética de la estas poblaciones geográficas y el patrón de migración recíproca. EL gen COI mostró alta similitud con las especies K. sectatrix y K. bigibbus, pudiendo probablemente tratarse de una de estas especies. La Región Control no detectó un patrón filogeográfico de los haplotipos analizados, por lo que IP y SG no han estado separadas poblacionalmente en el tiempo. La variabilidad genética de los microsatélites analizados no muestra diferencias en la frecuencia alélica de los individuos de K. sandwicensis presentes en IP y SG por lo que serían parte de una misma población. Las dos islas mostraron elevado y similares índices de diversidad genética, nucleotídica y riqueza alélica, coincidiendo con la ausencia de cuellos de botella recientes. Los análisis de migración histórica sugieren migración en ambas direcciones con un mayor aporte desde SG a IP. Nuestros resultados de conectividad entre la IP y SG constituyen la primera evidencia de una conectividad genética entre estas dos islas oceánicas. Estas migraciones estarían potencialmente determinadas por las condiciones oceanográficas imperantes en la zona, que incluyen: discontinuidades oceanográficas, variabilidad de las corrientes oceánicas, remolinos mesoescala y por el probable mecanismo de dispersión de k. sandwicensis por rafting en algas Sargassum lo cual podría proporcionar la oportunidad de dispersar grandes distancias y nos permite comprender como una población compuesta por individuos distanciados por 415km, puede mantener la conectividad genética.PFCHA-BecasPFCHA-Becas22130654https://hdl.handle.net/10533/232864instname: Conicytreponame: Repositorio Digital RI2.0info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//22130654info:eu-repo/semantics/dataset/hdl.handle.net/10533/93488info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/Ciencias NaturalesCiencias de la Tierra y del Medio AmbienteEcologíaConnectivity between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Island: population genetic differentiation of culturally important fish Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).Conectividad entre las Isla de Pascua y la Isla Salas y Gómez: diferenciación genético poblacional del pez de importancia cultural Kyphosus sandwicensis (Sauvage, 1880).Connectivity between easter island and salas y gómez island: populatión genetic differentiatión of culturally important fish kyphosus sandwicensis (sauvage, 1880).Conectividad entre las isla de pascua y la isla salas y gómez: diferenciación genético poblaciónal del pez de importancia cultural kyphosus sandwicensis (sauvage, 1880).Tesis 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