Interaction between noise and cigarette smoking for the outcome of hearing loss among women: a population based study
Background: We investigated the interaction between exposure to noise and smoking in relation to prevalence of hearing loss among women. Methods: A sample of women aged 20–49 years (n¼1,723) from a population-based cross-sectional study arried out in Brazil in 2006 was examined. Hearing loss was ass...
| Autores: | , , |
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| Formato: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2013 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Recursos: | Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da UFBA |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.ufba.br:ri/17636 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17636 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Cross-Sectional Studies Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Occupational Health Smoking Women |
| Resumo: | Background: We investigated the interaction between exposure to noise and smoking in relation to prevalence of hearing loss among women. Methods: A sample of women aged 20–49 years (n¼1,723) from a population-based cross-sectional study arried out in Brazil in 2006 was examined. Hearing loss was assessed using a yes–no validated question. Biological interaction was analyzed using the additive scale and measured with interaction contrast ratio (ICR) and assessment of dose–response relationship. Results: The combined effect of exposure to noise and cigarette smoking on hearing loss (adjusted prevalence ratio (PRadj)¼3.94,95% confidence interval (CI): 2.81,5.52) was greater than expected based on the additive single effects of smoking (PRadj¼1.39, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.81) and noise (PRadj¼2.66, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.82). ICR estimates were not statistically significant. The prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed women increased with duration of smoking (P trend ¼0.026), number of cigarettes smoked per day (Ptrend ¼0.034), cumulative tobacco use (Ptrend¼0.030), and early age at smoking initiation (P trend ¼0.047). Conclusions: Noise and smoking may have a combined effect on hearing loss but fur- ther studies are still needed. A dose–response relation of smoking for the noise effect among women is suggested. |
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