Epidemiologia e manejo da antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) da pupunheira
Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a major disease of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes) leaves and fruits. The objectives of this study were: (a) to obtain curves of temporary progress of anthracnose and to quantify damages of the disease in peach palm see...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2010 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Institución: | Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM) |
| Idioma: | portugués |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:localhost:1/1136 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1136 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Pupunheira Bactris gasipaes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Antracnose Controle químico Danos Paraná (Estado) Santa Catarina Brasil. Chemical control Damages State Brazil. Ciências Agrárias Agronomia |
| Sumario: | Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a major disease of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes var. gasipaes) leaves and fruits. The objectives of this study were: (a) to obtain curves of temporary progress of anthracnose and to quantify damages of the disease in peach palm seedlings under different fungicide treatments; (b) to evaluate the effect of fungicides and sprays intervals on anthracnose control on seedlings; (c) to obtain curves of temporal progress and to quantify anthracnose damages in plants in the first year after the planting in the field; (d) to evaluate the effect of plant fertilization on anthracnose progress in the first year after the planting in the field; (and) to evaluate the anthracnose intensity in nurseries and in commercial plantings in coastal areas of Paraná (PR) and Santa Catarina (SC). To reach the first objective, an experiment was run in a commercial nursery in Garuva (SC) in random blocks experimental design with seven treatments and four replicates. The disease affected plant height, number of open leaves, number of death or discarded plants, and percentage of marketable plants. Chemical control reduced the severity of the anthracnose from 10,5% (check) to 0,40, 2,5 and 7,4%, when sprayed with tiofanato metilico + clorotalonil, and to 0,2, 2,2 and 2,8% when powdered with pyraclostrobina + epoxiconazole in intervals of pulverizations of 7, 14 and 21 days, respectivelly. Chemical control increased the number of marketable seedlings of 96,5, 92,2 and 75,2% when powdered with tiofanato metilico + clorotalonil, and of 97,6, 91,5 and 85,2% when powdered with pyraclostrobina + epoxiconazole in the intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days respectively when compared with the witness. The interval of seven days provided better control of the antracnose in pupunheira seedlings, and the fungicide pyraclostrobina + epoxiconazole was more efficient than the tiofanato metilico + clorotalonil. With the objective of analyzing the temporary progress, influence of climatic factors, and disease damages and control in peach plants in the first year of cultivation in the field, two experiments they were carried out in Paranaguá County, PR, in randomized blocks design with two treatments (with and without fungicide) and 22 replicates, from Maio/2009 to abril/2010. it was verified that the severity of the disease (% of leaf diseased area) was significantly greater in plants not treated with fungicide. The severity increased until August (maximum of 18%) reducing afterwards at levels of 0,05-0,30%. however, the disease didn't have great influence in the plant height and diameter. Regarding the effect the plant fertilizaer on anthracnose in the first twelve months after planting, two experiments were carried out (Morretes, PR, and Joinville, SC) randomized blocks experimental design with six treatments and six replicates (Joinville, SC) and six treatments and five replicates (Morretes, PR). In both experiments no significant affect of fertilizer on disease was found. However, fertilizing plant influenced the diameter and height of plants. To assist the fourth objective, commercial nurseries and peach palm cultivations were visited to assess anthracnose damages in coastal areas of Paraná and Santa Catarina States. Anthracnose damages were found in all of the nurseries and plantings with until a year of planting in field. |
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