Methodology to determine the socioeconomic impact and ecosystem services loss caused by ravines and gullies
Gullies and ravines affect human life and the environment in many countries around the world. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of damage caused by these large linear erosions and clarified their parameters of influence. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis were to ident...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Institución: | Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/254448 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/11449/254448 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Evaluation Impact analysis Civil defense Brownfields Soil Avaliação Análise de impacto Defesa civil Solo Wirkungsanalyse Zivilschutz Brachflächen Boden |
| Sumario: | Gullies and ravines affect human life and the environment in many countries around the world. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of damage caused by these large linear erosions and clarified their parameters of influence. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis were to identify and systematize the economic impacts and ecosystem services caused by ravines and gullies, aiming to propose a methodology for valuation, in addition to performing an analysis on which erosions should be prioritized for remediation. The methodological path that was adopted consisted of a) a global bibliographic review carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions databases, where more than 120 articles from 27 countries that addressed and evaluated these different types of impacts were identified; b) an analysis of official civil defence records on the impacts of ravines and gullies in Brazil, based on data from the Brazilian Civil Defense Integrated Information System (S2ID), combined with a bibliographic review; c) an application of the valuation methodology in a case study of brownfields caused by ravines and gullies that was conducted in the city of Bauru (Brazil), considering environmental damage, such as costs related to land restoration and erosion control, destruction of infrastructure, losses economic and income losses related to property and urban property taxes; and d) an adaptation of the Tailored Improvement of Brownfield Regeneration in Europe (TIMBRE) method for the analysis and classification of areas affected by linear erosion in the city of Bauru, specifically for erosion analysis to identify priority areas for remediation. Based on the results of the global bibliographic review, the possible types of impacts that can be caused by gullies and ravines and how they can be valued can be systematized. The review also indicated that the greatest impacts are registered in South America, Africa, China and India, related to characteristics of the physical environment, extreme events and disorderly land occupation. In Brazil, civil defence data show an increasing trend in the number of disasters related to ravines and gullies in the last decade (2011-2020), totalling 76 records in this period. However, only 24 of these records contained information on the impacts caused, which added up to an estimated loss of US$54 million. The spatial distribution of disasters related to linear erosion in Brazil suggests a connection between the development of ravines and gullies and the country's agricultural frontier, especially in the North and Midwest regions, including the Cerrado and Amazon Forest biomes, where the greatest changes in land use occurred between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Based on the methodological proposal that was elaborated considering the global bibliographic review, a case study was conducted in the city of Bauru, Brazil, to carry out the valuation of impacts. The analyses indicate that the total damage in the three analysed areas over two decades exceeded US$ 173 million and was mainly related to losses due to the abandonment of the area. Urban areas affected by ravines and gullies pose problems that are similar to those of brownfields, creating urban voids. Therefore, the TIMBRE method was adapted to analyse areas affected by ravines and gullies, demonstrating a correlation between erosion and urban expansion. With the proposed methodology, the Quinta da Bela Olinda area was identified as the location with the highest scores in the three classifications, being the location with the greatest potential for business development, the most attractive brownfield and the area with the highest environmental risk. This area should, therefore, be prioritized by public management for remediation. Although the implementation of the assessment is challenging due to the large number of different forms of possible impacts related to environmental, economic and social changes, based on the results of this work, it is concluded that the proposed valuation method facilitates the identification and demonstration of the damages. On the other hand, the adaptation of the Timbre Method for ravines and gullies proved to be a great tool that assisted in decision-making about which erosions should be a priority for remediation. The set of results obtained in the thesis can promote management tools for disaster management and land use management in cities, helping public managers and the community to make more assertive decisions regarding the construction of public policies for the remediation of affected areas through ravines and gullies. |
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