The history of ethics in research with human subjects

This article contextualizes the emergence of the field of research ethics in historical, social, and political events over the last 60 years. It draws a distinction between professional ethics and bioethics, focusing on the historical and philosophical precedents of the latter field. It also present...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor: Kottow, Miguel
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2008
País:Brasil
Recursos:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
Repositorio:RECIIS (Online)
Idioma:portugués
inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:www.reciis.icict.fiocruz.br:article/863
Acesso em linha:https://www.reciis.icict.fiocruz.br/index.php/reciis/article/view/863
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:History of ethics
bioethics
research ethics
professional ethics
principlism
história da ética
bioética
ética em pesquisa
ética profissional
teoria principialista
Descrição
Resumo:This article contextualizes the emergence of the field of research ethics in historical, social, and political events over the last 60 years. It draws a distinction between professional ethics and bioethics, focusing on the historical and philosophical precedents of the latter field. It also presents the appearance of research ethics as a result of the disclosure of cases of scientific misconduct, discussing the first regulations on research ethics, the guidelines contained in the Belmont Report, and its influence on the creation of bioethical principlism. The article also analyzes the functioning of research ethics committees and possible limitations to scientific activity. Finally, it highlights some issues that remain unsolved, such as payment to research participants, the conduct of research on unconscious people, using children in experiments for testing new drugs or new therapeutic indications, the definition of minimum risk, and the way bioethics has been taking place in developing countries.