Identification of green-leaf volatiles released from cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto) infected with the lethal Bronzing phytoplasma.
Abstract: Lethal bronzing (LB) is a fatal infection that affects over 20 species of palms (Arecaceae) and is caused by the phytoplasma ?Candidatus Phytoplasma aculeata?. This pathogen causes significant economic losses to landscape and nursery companies in Florida, USA. Recently, the vector was dete...
| Autores: | , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Institución: | Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da EMBRAPA (Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from EMBRAPA - Alice) |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br:doc/1154952 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1154952 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112164 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Doença Fúngica Fungal diseases of plants Sabal palmetto Phytoplasma Volatile organic compounds Chemical analysis Plant response Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| Sumario: | Abstract: Lethal bronzing (LB) is a fatal infection that affects over 20 species of palms (Arecaceae) and is caused by the phytoplasma ?Candidatus Phytoplasma aculeata?. This pathogen causes significant economic losses to landscape and nursery companies in Florida, USA. Recently, the vector was determined to be the planthopper Haplaxius crudus, which was more abundant on LB-infected palms. Herein, the volatile chemicals emitted from LB-infected palms were characterized using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Infected Sabal palmetto were identified and confirmed as positive for LB via quantitative PCR. Healthy controls of each species were selected for comparison. All infected palms exhibited elevated levels of hexanal and E-2-hexenal. Threatened palms showed high releasing concentrations of 3-hexenal and Z-3-hexen-1-ol. The volatiles characterized herein are common green-leaf volatiles (GLVs) emitted by plants under stress. This study considers the first documented case of GLVs in palms attributed to phytoplasma infection. Due to the apparent attraction of LB-infected palms to the vector, one or several of the GLVs identified in this study could serve as a lure for the vector and supplement management programs. |
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