Estudo de floculantes biodegradáveis e bioadsorventes derivados da Moringa oleifera como alternativos para tratamento de água produzida
In the petroleum industry, the most relevant pollutant, is the water produced, due to their complex chemical composition of contaminants and quantity generated. The inadequate discard of this wastewater implicate environmental damage, penalties and negative repercussion on producing companies. In th...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2019 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Institución: | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da UFRN |
| Idioma: | portugués |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/28473 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/28473 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Efluente Água produzida Moringa oleifera Resíduos Carvão ativado CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
| Sumario: | In the petroleum industry, the most relevant pollutant, is the water produced, due to their complex chemical composition of contaminants and quantity generated. The inadequate discard of this wastewater implicate environmental damage, penalties and negative repercussion on producing companies. In this context, flocculation and flotation techniques have been enough employed in the treatment of this effluent, reducing the content of suspended oils and greases. In order to improve the final quality of this effluent, is it necessary to have another phase of treatment, which can be the use of activated carbon adsorption processes, that has been widely studied, to remove dissolved part of oil which has in its composition monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. In this case research proposed to perform the treatment of synthetic wastewater with flocculation/FAD technique and adsorption by activated carbon, using natural flocculants biodegradable obtained from the seeds of the plant Moringa oleifera. In the stage of flocculation/FAD, used different flocculants, which were obtained by protein fractionation, having with the extractant ammonium sulfate, and which were called Raw Extract, Fraction 1, Fraction 2 and Fraction 3. For the adsorption study, three types of coals bioadsorbers obtained from by-products of this plant were used, being coal in natura, which was chemically activated in two ways, employing the phosphoric acid and ammonium hydroxide reagents. The main techniques and the parameters considered to characterize such coals were: pH, PCZ, basic and acidic functional groups, TGA, TDA, DRX, FRX, MEV/EDS, FTIR, BET and pore size distribution. The experiments of removal of TOG with combined technique flocculation/FAD were performed according central composite experimental design, through which it was possible to verify the influence of flocculant concentration and flotation time for the three and three flocculants. The natural flocculants produced presented potential for removal of oil and grease, to the point of reach the environmentals requirements for discard this effluent in natural bodies of water. From the adsorptive and equilibrium study, it was found that fresh coal in natura C1 presented removal efficiency about 79.33% and the maximum benzene adsorption capacity was 65.07 mg.g-1 and the activated carbons C2 and C3 presented removal efficiency of 84.61 and 51.56% maximum adsorption capacities of 78.89 and 50.59 mg.g-1 , respectively, with equilibrium time of 20 minutes. Coals bioadsorbers of C1, C2 and C3 presented surface area of 0.855, 1.165 and 1.098 m².g-1 , average pore volume of 0.196, 0.268 and 0.203 cm³.g-1 and mean diameters of 2.023, 2.598 and 2.386 nm. For the three bioadsorbers a quick removal of benzene was observed, when compared to other precursors. These results may be indications that flocculants biodegradable and bioadsorbers of Moringa oleifera are viable and efficient, can constitute a promising alternative or the treatment of industrial effluents, making the process more economical. |
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