Epidemiologia da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em cortadores de cana manual do Brasil: um estudo multicêntrico
Despite the impact of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide in diverse populations, investigations have focused on urban groups with few studies targeting the rural population. In Brazil, manual sugarcane cutters are rural workers exposed to multiple challenging conditions that increase their vulner...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis de maestría |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2018 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Institución: | Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da UFG |
| Idioma: | portugués |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.bc.ufg.br:tede/8508 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8508 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Epidemiologia Hepatite B População rural Vacina contra hepatite B Cortadores de cana-de-açúcar Epidemiology Hepatitis B Rural population Sugarcane cutters Hepatitis B vaccine CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM |
| Sumario: | Despite the impact of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide in diverse populations, investigations have focused on urban groups with few studies targeting the rural population. In Brazil, manual sugarcane cutters are rural workers exposed to multiple challenging conditions that increase their vulnerability to HBV. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B in manual sugar cane cutters from the States of Goiás and Paraíba. This is a multicentric analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the states of Goiás and Paraíba, in the Midwest and Northeast regions of Brazil, respectively. Data collection took place in 2016, and 937 sugarcane cutters aged 18 or over were recruited. All subjects were interviewed and tested for the detection of hepatitis B serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression were used to identify association between HBV exposure and sociodemographic and behavioral variables. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Universities of Goiás and Paraíba. All participants (n = 937) were male, mostly young adults (68.9%), with an average age of 35.4 years, and natives of the Northeast Region of the country (85.7%). Of the total, 78.8% reported monthly income less than BRL$2,000.00 (about USD$540) and almost half (47.4%) declared four years of education or less. Among the participants, 49.4% started sexual activity early, aged between 7 and 15 years; 77.2% reported history of alcohol use; 29.6% reported experience living in shared housing; 39.8% reported two or more sexual partners in the last year; and 46.5% reported not having used a condom in the same period. In addition, 45.8% shared sharp personal hygiene instruments; 55.0% reported previous hospitalization, and 53.9% had at least one work related accident. The overall prevalence of HBV exposure was 15.9% (95% CI: 13.7% - 18.4%). The HBsAg marker was detected in seven individuals, all of whom presented at least one risk behavior for hepatitis B. Only 20.6% (n = 193, 95% CI: 23.1% - 23.3%) tested positive for isolated anti-HBs, indicating previous vaccination. It was observed that reports of two or more sexual partners in the last 12 months and history of hospital admission (p<0.05) were predictors of HBV exposure, confirming these routes of parenteral and sexual transmission. These results demonstrate the need for effective hepatitis B prevention strategies among sugarcane cutters, focusing on timing, supply and administration of hepatitis B vaccine. |
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