| Sumario: | The aim of this research is to present the historical description of the Maranhão Public Library. It also aims to deal with the economical, political and social situation in the Maranhão in the nineteenth century, which contributed to its creation. Furthermore, there are exposed the factors that caused its bankruptcy and its resurgence in the beginning of the First Republic, marked by the progressive social and cultural identity. Besides, its principal educative aspects are punctuated in the management of Antônio Lobo. The historical-descriptive method is employed; It’s based, principally, on the analysis and on the description of the presidential reports of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. Therefore, the study noted that the history of that library was marked by difficulties associated, specially, with disinterest of the government in providing necessary conditions for the promotion of the culture.
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