| Sumario: | The aim of this study was to analyze the floristic and structure of natural regeneration in an area of Caatinga, in the Contendas do Sincorá National Forest, Bahia. The sampling consisted of 48 plots of 5 x 5 m. The phytosociological parameters used were density, frequency, size class and relative natural regeneration. The influence of environmental variables on species density was investigated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. A total of 771 individuals were sampled, distributed in 22 families, 37 genera and 44 species and nine morphospecies. Croton floribundus and Combretum monetaria had the highest indexes of vegetation descriptors. The floristic similarity had the formation of a group with areas of the Sertaneja Setentrional Depression. Mimosa ophthalmocentra had a strong positive relationship with altitude. Combretum monetaria, Libidibia ferrea and Piptadenia stipulacea were influenced by higher rainfall. The greater precipitation in Flona was decisive for dissimilarity with the other areas.
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