Intercropping systems and soil amendments under long-term no-till on phosphorus dynamics

The management of weathered tropical soils, with low availability of phosphorus and the presence of a dry season in winter, is a challenge to favor the levels of organic matter and improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. Intercropping maize second crop with cover crops has improved soil q...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Vilela, Rafael Gonçalves [UNESP]
Tipo de recurso: tesis doctoral
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:Brasil
Institución:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Repositorio:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/250436
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/11449/250436
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:resíduos vegetais
silicato
braquiária
milho
fósforo orgânico do solo
soil organic phosphorus
crop straw inputs
silicate
ruzigrass
maize
Descripción
Sumario:The management of weathered tropical soils, with low availability of phosphorus and the presence of a dry season in winter, is a challenge to favor the levels of organic matter and improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. Intercropping maize second crop with cover crops has improved soil quality, enhancing the input of straw in the production system, favoring nutrient cycling and efficient use of natural resources by commercial crops, increasing productivity. The effects of intercropping systems on off-season (autumn-winter) cropping and changes in soil acidity on soil P dynamics were evaluated in a randomized block experiment in split plots. The single or intercropped maize cultivation system with signal grass + sunn hemp were considered as the main plots, and the acidity correction through silicate, limestone or without correction were treated as subdivided plots. Soy is grown as a main crop in the summer seasons. The intercropping of maize in the off-season increases the yield of maize and soybeans by approximately 30 and 9%, respectively. The greater input of plant residues through intercropping temporarily reduces the lability of Po and Pi in the soil at 0-0.05 m depth, but does not limit P uptake by crops. Liming, regardless of the corrective used, increases the pool of Pi in the soil, specifically for labile forms due to the release of P linked to Al and Fe. Intercropping maize second crop with Brachiára and Sunn hemp is a good option for plant diversification in the area, increasing land use efficiency and SP sustainability in tropical agriculture, providing higher yields compared to the monoculture system.