Fertility below replacement, stationary population through migration and effects of age structures

Due to its declining fertility rate, Brazil is closer to the demographic conditions that determine population zero or negative growth, on the long run. However, there are no reasonable grounds to assert that the fertility rate will stabilize at replacement level or just below it. There are indicatio...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Caetano, André Junqueira
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2008
País:Brasil
Institución:Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais (ABEP)
Repositorio:Revista brasileira de estudos de população (Online)
Idioma:portugués
OAI Identifier:oai:ojs.rebep.org.br:article/162
Acceso en línea:https://rebep.org.br/revista/article/view/162
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Migration
Below replacement fertility
Age structure
Ageing of population
Migración
Fecundidad por debajo de la reposición
Estructura etaria
Envejecimiento poblacional
Migração
Fecundidade abaixo da reposição
Estrutura etária
Envelhecimento populacional
Descripción
Sumario:Due to its declining fertility rate, Brazil is closer to the demographic conditions that determine population zero or negative growth, on the long run. However, there are no reasonable grounds to assert that the fertility rate will stabilize at replacement level or just below it. There are indications that it will be likely to descend to very low levels in coming decades. Theoretically, a stable and closed population with fertility rates below replacement level can return to zero growth if the population is subjected to changes in the constant annual number of entries derived from the return of fertility to replacement level. This may also occur due to constant positive net migration with constant and fixed age structure. Therefore, for a given set of rates of exits, there are an infinite number of equivalent stationary populations. Given fertility below replacement level, the present study uses Schmertmann’s theoretical model (1992) to simulate and examine, by comparison, (1) the age structure of the population of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, that has resulted from a rise in fertility to replacement level and (2) the age structures of this population, as made stationary through migration, assuming different scenarios of fertility and the age structure of immigrants.