Root systems of peanut cultivars respond differently to soil P availability to improve P uptake
Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is regarded as a crop with high nutrient use efficiency, but there may be differences between cultivars. Furthermore, there is little information on the strategy of peanut cultivars to adapt to soil P availability and to what extent they explore non-labile P...
| Autores: | , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Institución: | Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/307027 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202300144 https://hdl.handle.net/11449/307027 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | acid phosphatase activity phosphorus availability phosphorus uptake root hair density root hair length root length |
| Sumario: | Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is regarded as a crop with high nutrient use efficiency, but there may be differences between cultivars. Furthermore, there is little information on the strategy of peanut cultivars to adapt to soil P availability and to what extent they explore non-labile P pools. Aims: Our objective was to evaluate growth, root morphology, enzymatic activity in the rhizosphere, and P uptake of peanut cultivars grown under different soil P status. Methods: The study was conducted in a greenhouse in 6-L pots. Soils with low P (without fertilization) and high P content (with fertilization) and seven peanut cultivars of different origins, different maturation groups, and release years were investigated. Peanut shoot yield, phosphorus uptake, root growth, soil P fractions as well as phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil were determined. Results: In P-deficient soil, a higher dry matter yield was associated with longer root hairs and root length, which resulted in decreased soil non-labile P was observed mainly with cultivars developed in Argentina (ARG-medium-old and ARG-medium-new) and the late maturity Brazilian cultivar (BR I-late new). These cultivars adapted well to P deficiency and were less dependent on labile P. New Brazilian early and medium maturity cultivars developed less, shorter root hairs, and showed low acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere under P deficiency, resulting in lower P uptake and dry matter yield. Under high P availability, new Brazilian cultivars of medium and late maturity showed the highest dry matter yield (9.0 and 9.8 g plant−1, respectively) and longest roots, around 120 m plant−1. High P availability decreased root hairs in all cultivars. Conclusion: Overall, the adaptation of peanut cultivars to P-deficient soils was lower for the new mid- and early-maturing Brazilian cultivars compared with the Argentinian and old or late-maturing Brazilian cultivars. The main strategies of P-efficient cultivars under low P availability are to increase root length, root hair length, and root hair density. |
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