Calibration of the underground muon detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

To obtain direct measurements of the muon content of extensive air showers with energy above 101 eV, the Pierre Auger Observatory is currently being equipped with an underground muon detector (UMD), consisting of 219 10 m2-modules, each segmented into 64 scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipl...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, Ingomar, Almela, A., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, Luis A., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, Hernán Gonzalo, Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A.M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, Xavier Pierre Louis, Biermann, P. L., Gollan Scilipotti, Fernando Daniel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:Argentina
Institución:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Repositorio:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/182861
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/11336/182861
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:APDS
CCDS
CMOS IMAGERS
DETECTOR ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION METHODS (LASERS
EBCCDS
EMCCDS
ETC)
G-APDS
PARTICLE DETECTORS
PARTICLE-BEAMS)
PERFORMANCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS DETECTORS
PHOTON DETECTORS FOR UV
SI-PMTS
SOURCES
VISIBLE AND IR PHOTONS (SOLID-STATE) (PIN DIODES
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
Descripción
Sumario:To obtain direct measurements of the muon content of extensive air showers with energy above 101 eV, the Pierre Auger Observatory is currently being equipped with an underground muon detector (UMD), consisting of 219 10 m2-modules, each segmented into 64 scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). Direct access to the shower muon content allows for the study of both of the composition of primary cosmic rays and of high-energy hadronic interactions in the forward direction. As the muon density can vary between tens of muons per m close to the intersection of the shower axis with the ground to much less than one per m when far away, the necessary broad dynamic range is achieved by the simultaneous implementation of two acquisition modes in the read-out electronics: the binary mode, tuned to count single muons, and the ADC mode, suited to measure a high number of them. In this work, we present the end-to-end calibration of the muon detector modules: first, the SiPMs are calibrated by means of the binary channel, and then, the ADC channel is calibrated using atmospheric muons, detected in parallel to the shower data acquisition. The laboratory and field measurements performed to develop the implementation of the full calibration chain of both binary and ADC channels are presented and discussed. The calibration procedure is reliable to work with the high amount of channels in the UMD, which will be operated continuously, in changing environmental conditions, for several years.

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