Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats

Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Ballantyne, Kaye N., Ralf, Arwin, Aboukhalid, Rachid, Achakzai, Niaz M., Anjos, Maria J., Bobillo, Maria Cecilia, Daniel Corach, Sala, Adriana Andrea, Sirker, Miriam, Siváková, Daniela, Škaro, Vedrana, Solano Matamoros, Carlos, Souto, Luis, Stenzl, Vlastimil, Sudoyo, Herawati, Syndercombe Court, Denise, Tagliabracci, Adriano, Taylor, Duncan, Tillmar, Andreas, Tsybovsky, Iosif S., Tyler Smith, Chris, Gaag, Kristiaan J. van der, Vanek, Daniel, Völgyi, Antónia, Ward, Denise, Willemse, Patricia, Yap, Eric P. H., Yong, Rita Y. Y., Zupanič Pajnič, Irena, Kayser, Manfred
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2014
Country:Argentina
Institution:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Repository:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/30345
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11336/30345
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Y-STR
rapid mutation
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
Description
Summary:Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836–0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father–son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RM Y-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.

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