Novel C-2 Symmetric Molecules as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Kinetic Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetics

A series of symmetrical salicylaldehyde-bishydrazine azo molecules, 5a–5h, have been synthesized, characterized by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, and evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. All the synthesized compounds effic...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Shahzad, Danish, Saeed, Aamer, Larik, Fayaz Ali, Channar, Pervaiz Ali, Abbas, Qamar, Alajmi, Mohamed F., Arshad, M. Ifzan, Erben, Mauricio Federico, Hassan, Mubashir, Raza, Hussain, Seo, Sung-Yum, El-Seedi, Hesham R.
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2019
Country:Argentina
Institution:Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Repository:SEDICI (UNLP)
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/107656
Online Access:http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/107656
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Ciencias Exactas
Química
bis-azo Schiff bases
dual inhibitor
α-glucosidase inhibitor
α-amylase
antioxidant
SAR
chemo-informatics
kinetic mechanism
molecular docking
Description
Summary:A series of symmetrical salicylaldehyde-bishydrazine azo molecules, 5a–5h, have been synthesized, characterized by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, and evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. All the synthesized compounds efficiently inhibited both enzymes. Compound 5g was the most potent derivative in the series, and powerfully inhibited both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The IC<sub>50</sub> of 5g against α-glucosidase was 0.35917 ± 0.0189 µM (standard acarbose IC<sub>50</sub> = 6.109 ± 0.329 µM), and the IC<sub>50</sub> value of 5g against α-amylase was 0.4379 ± 0.0423 µM (standard acarbose IC<sub>50</sub> = 33.178 ± 2.392 µM). The Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that compound 5g is a competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The binding interactions of the most active analogues were confirmed through molecular docking studies. Docking studies showed that 5g interacts with the residues Trp690, Asp548, Arg425, and Glu426, which form hydrogen bonds to 5g with distances of 2.05, 2.20, 2.10 and 2.18 Å, respectively. All compounds showed high mutagenic and tumorigenic behaviors, and only 5e showed irritant properties. In addition, all the derivatives showed good antioxidant activities. The pharmacokinetic evaluation also revealed promising results.