Using execution logs for improving pseudo-Boolean propagation

Among all procedures that CDCL-based SAT solvers implement, unit propagation dominates the total running time. Hence, it is not a surprise that large research efforts have been invested on improving it. As a result, the two-watched-literal scheme, enhanced with implementation details boosting its pe...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Nieuwenhuis, Robert Lukas Mario|||0000-0002-6489-2138, Oliveras Llunell, Albert|||0000-0002-5893-1911, Rodríguez Carbonell, Enric|||0000-0003-1061-3954, Zhao, Rui|||0000-0002-1796-0062
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/450565
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/450565
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2025.104470
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:SAT
Pseudo-Boolean solving
Implementation-level details
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Intel·ligència artificial
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Informàtica teòrica
Descripción
Sumario:Among all procedures that CDCL-based SAT solvers implement, unit propagation dominates the total running time. Hence, it is not a surprise that large research efforts have been invested on improving it. As a result, the two-watched-literal scheme, enhanced with implementation details boosting its performance, emerged as the dominant method. The importance of unit propagation in pseudo-Boolean solvers is similar. However, no dominant method exists: counter and watch-based propagation are well-suited for different types of constraints, opening the door to hybrid methods. The higher complexity of implementing pseudo-Boolean solvers has shifted the research focus to higher-level aspects of other procedures, considering implementation details of unit propagation not a priority. In this paper, we first present execution logs: a novel methodology that allows us to precisely evaluate the performance of different propagation procedures. Secondly, we show how both counter and watch-based propagation routines in the RoundingSat solver can be largely improved thanks to a careful analysis of various implementation issues. Thirdly, a detailed analysis shows that hybrid methods outperform the ones based on a single technique. Finally, our experiments reveal that improvements in propagation lead to a clearly better overall performance of the solver.